Computer simulations help determine safe vertical boom speeds for roof bolting in underground coal mines

PROBLEM: Incident investigation reports do not usually contain enough information to aid in studying boom arm vertical speed for roof bolting machines to determine the impact that appendage speed had on an operator's risk of experiencing a contact. Laboratory experiments with human subjects are also not feasible because of safety and ethical issues. METHOD: Researchers successfully developed a three-dimensional computer model that uses virtual human simulation software as the primary means to gather contact data when the boom arm touches the operator's hand, arm, head, or leg. RESULTS: Data analysis of roof bolter simulations shows that the speed of the boom arm is the most important factor in determining the risk of an operator making contact. Regardless of other variables, contact incidents were always greater when the bolter arm was moving up, greater on the hand, and greater for the boom arm part of the machine. The reason why the subject experiences more contacts when the boom arm is moving up rather than down is that more risky behaviors occur during drilling and bolting when the boom arm is ascending. Based on the data collected, boom speeds greater than 13 in/sec result in a substantial increase in risk to the roof bolter operator of making contact. Speeds less than or equal to 13 in/sec are associated with a more modest relative risk of making contact, which represents a decrease in potential hazard. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The use of such information can be quite helpful in making recommendations to machine design and task procedures to reduce the likelihood that roof bolter operators will experience injury due to contact with a moving roof bolting machine's boom arm.     

高耸构筑物地基变形和风振对爆破拆除安全性的影响

本文对高耸构筑物控爆前的倾斜、失稳的诱发因素(地基变形、风振)进行了探讨,当高耸构筑物向倾斜相反方向倒塌时,必须从地基、基础、上部结构三者之间的变形协调条件和静力平衡条件综合考虑进行爆破设计,施爆时必须采取一定的技术措施.     

硫化矿活性矿浆烟气脱硫技术适用性探析

重点进行SO_2浓度、液气比、浆液浓度、pH值对脱硫效率影响的试验研究,验证硫化矿活性矿浆脱硫技术的适用性。结果表明,该技术适用于低浓度烟气脱硫工艺,pH值在6.0~6.5,液气比在8~10 L/m3范围内,实现了高脱硫效率、低能耗、安全稳定运行,为行业内低浓度SO_2烟气脱硫开辟了新的途径。     

Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning

Emission factors of particulate matter (PM), element carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), SO_2, NO_x, CO, CO_2, and ten ions (Na~ , NH_4~ , K~ , Mg~(2 ), Ca~(2 ), F~-, Cl~-, NO_2~-, NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-)) were estimated from the domestic burning of four types of commonly produced crop residues in rural China: rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, and cotton stalk, which were collected from the representative regions across China. A combustion tower was designed to simulate the cooking conditions under which the peasants burned their crop residues in rural China, to measure the emission factors. Results showed that wheat straw had the highest emission factor for the total PM (8.75 g/kg) among the four crop residues, whereas, corn stover and wheat straw have the highest emission factor for EC (0.95 g/kg) and OC (3.46 g/kg), respectively. Corn stover also presents as having the highest emission factors of NO, NO_x, and CO_2, whereas, wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton stalk had the highest emission factors of NO_2, SO_2, and CO, respectively. The water-soluble ions, K~ and Cl~-, had the highest emission factors from all the crops. Wheat straw had a relatively higher emission factor of cation species and F~-, Cl~-, NO_2~- than other residues.     

生物滴滤塔处理低浓度苯乙烯有机废气填料的选择及运行功效

由于苯乙烯本身所具有的毒性及恶臭气味,成了近几年受人们格外关注的污染物质。采用培养驯化的污泥菌种对1~#陶粒、2~#陶粒、塑料小球和沸石4种填料进行生物挂膜,通过比较1~#陶粒体积去除负荷和相对去除负荷,筛选出能优越的1~#陶粒作为滤塔填料处理处理苯乙烯废气,结果表明在进气量Q=0．6m~3/h,循环喷液量L =90L/min,进气负荷小于180g/(m~3·h),去除负荷可达到163g/(m~3·h),苯乙烯处理效率达到90%以上。     

广州城市人工水系统中军团菌的发生和分布

综合运用平板分离法、半巢式PCR和EnviroAmp PCR反向杂交检测试剂盒，对广州市部分人工水系统中条件致病菌军团菌属细菌进行分离和检测．结果表明，虽然阳性率随着采样时间和地点的不同而有所差异，但总体来说，广州市人工水系统中存在较高程度的军团菌的污染，中央空调冷却塔水中军团菌阳性率平均为84％，个别路段甚至达到了100%，自来水池中则达到了35％，，但在后者的水样中没有检测到最常见的致病菌嗜肺军团菌．对各种培养方法的优劣及军团菌的季节性发生和分布进行了初步讨论．图2表2参16     

Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water systems

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires disease, is known to colonise and frequently grow in cooling tower waters. Disease is acquired by inhaling aerosol contaminated by legionellae. Determination of the count of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters may, therefore, be useful for risk assessment. In our survey, 103 water samples from 50 cooling towers were examined over a five-year period to indicate the seasonal distribution and the ecology of L. pneumophila, as regards temperature and pH. L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was found in 44% of the isolated strains, which is primarily responsible for the majority of Legionnaires disease. The large majority of examined towers had levels of L. pneumophila in the high-risk category. These cooling towers have been linked to many outbreaks of Legionnaires disease.     

喷雾增湿设备的数学模拟设计

系统论述了喷雾增湿塔内水滴的运动状态与含尘气体的流动特性,建立了一个能反映喷雾增湿操作过程的数学模型,有助于确定该设备生产操作中的最佳控制参数.     

普钙生产含氟尾气治理技术的应用

介绍了云南某化工厂年产3万t普钙含氟尾气治理工程的运行现状、工艺流程和设计参数,并根据使用效果进行分析总结,通过当地环保局12年的监测数据表明,该厂含氟尾气采用喷淋塔、喷杯塔和喷淋旋流板塔处理后,不仅尾气达标排放,还副产300 t/a氟硅酸钠,实现了环境效益和经济效益的双丰收.还根据12年来工程中出现的问题提出了改进的措施和建议,供普钙行业含氟尾气治理工程设计参考.     

对开好单塔污水汽提粗氨精制系统的论述

介绍开好单塔污水汽提粗氨精制系统的必要性，以及技术改造和技术分析，通过技术改造后，产品液氨的质量得到了明显提高。